![]() ![]() The upper pole of the kidney is covered by the suprarenal gland.Anteriorly, the right kidney is related to the liver, duodenum,ascending colon or right colic flexure, and small intestine. ![]() Thekidneys lie obliquely along the vertebral column, abutting the psoasmajor muscles. Each kidney iscomposed of a paler cortex and a darker medulla (fig. The medial border is indented at the hilus, where bloodvessels enter and leave, and there the ureter emerges. Each kidney has anterior andposterior surfaces, upper and lower poles, and lateral and medialborders. They are reddish-brownorgans covered by a thin, glistening, fibromuscular capsule thatnormally can be stripped off easily. The kidneys (L., ren Gk, nephros hence the adjectives renal andnephric) belong to the urinary system, maintain the ionic balance ofthe blood, and excrete waste products as urine. 29-2, 29-4 and 29-6)Ĭhapter 29: The kidneys, ureters and suprarenal glands Kidneys Blood supply andlymphatic drainage (figs. ![]()
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